I want to make an argument as to why most of what you hear or read is biased, prejudiced and based on narrow minded thinking. Most of what you read will not lead you to the truth but will take you down a path away from the truth. My argument will also apply to what you are about to read. I am biased, narrow minded and prejudiced. So why should you read or listen to what I am about to write? Well, let’s start at the beginning.
Like many of you reading this, I consider myself somewhat of a truth seeker. Although, I believe few if any “absolute” truths actually exist. Nevertheless, I read a wide variety of books and magazines. I listen to many different sources including TV, Radio, Podcasts, TED Talks, documentaries, and YouTube videos. I attend training sessions, conferences, and talks by noted experts whenever possible. I also scan many different news sources each day to find a variety of perspectives concerning political events and popular news. My friends consider me well informed and very knowledgeable on a wide range of subjects.
I have been seeking the truth or what might pass as “truth” for most of my 75 years on this earth. I was considered the “smartest” guy in the room in many of my high school and college classes. The authorities or those that are supposed to be good judges of truth and knowledge gave me two undergraduate degrees, one master’s degree and a Ph.D. Degree. Once upon a time, I belonged to many different professional associations and was also a member of MENSA, the so-called high IQ society. None of my qualifications or associations prepared me any better than anyone else upon this earth to find the TRUTH. Like most of you, I am still looking and hoping that the “Truth will set me free.” If only, I can find it.
A few days ago, I noticed seven different editorials on Google News concerning the Ukrainian War. Each of the editorials was written by a professional journalist and each espoused some very critical ideas. Some of these ideas would carry weight with readers and no doubt influence public opinion for good or bad. Six of the journalists’ names were listed and one was not. Now most stories we get in the news whether on TV or print are written by journalists. Less frequently it will be some “policy” expert or high-ranking government official who will be doing an opinion piece or some type of interview.
I started to ask myself a few questions:
- What are their professional qualifications?
- How much influence or weight do these journalists carry?
- How much slant or bias do these journalists carry?
- Are journalists and the media really qualified to tell us what we should or should not be doing?
I looked up each of the journalists to see what their qualifications were. Basically, they were professionally trained journalists and most of them had extensive experience in foreign relations. Neither of these attributes makes them an expert on the Ukraine but it is conceivable that they might have more knowledge in some areas of foreign policy than the general public. Again, more knowledge does not mean less biases. Here are the news sources and brief bios for the six journalists I researched:
The Washington Post- Liz Sly and Dan Lamothe
Liz Sly (born in the United Kingdom) is a British journalist based in Beirut. She is currently a correspondent with The Washington Post covering Syria, Lebanon, Iraq and other countries of the Middle East. She graduated from the University of Cambridge.
Dan Lamothe is an award-winning military journalist and war correspondent. He has written for Marine Corps Times and the Military Times newspaper chain since 2008, traveling the world and writing extensively about the Afghanistan war both from Washington and the war zone. He also has reported from Norway, Spain, Germany, the Republic of Georgia and while underway with the U.S. Navy.
NPR – Greg Myre
Greg Myre is an American journalist and an NPR national security correspondent with a focus on the intelligence community. Before joining NPR, he was a foreign correspondent for the Associated Press and The New York Times for 20 years. He reported from more than 50 countries and covered a dozen wars and conflicts.
The Wall Street Journal – David Henninger
Mr. Henninger was a finalist for a Pulitzer Prize in editorial writing in 1987 and 1996 and shared in the Journal’s Pulitzer Prize in 2002 for the paper’s coverage of the attacks on September 11. In 2004, he won the Eric Breindel Journalism Award for his weekly column. He has won the Gerald Loeb Award for commentary, the Scripps Howard Foundation’s Walker Stone Award for editorial writing and the American Society of Newspaper Editors’ Distinguished Writing Award for editorial writing. He is a weekly panelist on the “Journal Editorial Report” on Fox News.
The Atlantic – Eliot Cohen
Eliot Asher Cohen (born April 3, 1956, in Boston, Massachusetts) is an American political scientist. He was a counselor in the United States Department of State under Condoleezza Rice from 2007 to 2009. In 2019, Cohen was named the 9th Dean of the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) at Johns Hopkins University, succeeding the former dean, Vali Nasr. Before his time as dean, he directed the Strategic Studies Program at SAIS.
Cohen was one of the first neoconservatives to publicly advocate war against Iran and Iraq. In a November 2001 op-ed for The Wall Street Journal, Cohen identified what he called World War IV and advocated the overthrow of Iran’s government as a possible next step for the Bush Administration. Cohen claimed “regime change” in Iran could be accomplished with a focus on “pro-Western and anticlerical forces” in the Middle East and suggested that such an action would be “wise, moral and unpopular (among some of our allies)”
The New York Times – Cora Engelbrecht
Cora Engelbrecht is a contributor to the RIGHTS blog. She recently received her BA in nonfiction writing from Wesleyan University, and now works in New York as a freelance writer, researcher, and graphic artist. Her interest for human rights and global conflict stems from her time spent researching and writing abroad in Tanzania and South Africa.
I next turned to the question of how much influence do journalists carry? The story of John Revelstoke Rathom (1868–1923) is very informative in this regard. He was a journalist, editor, and author based in Rhode Island at the height of his career. In the years before World War I, he was a prominent advocate of American participation in the war against Germany.
“Rathom campaigned for the U.S. to enter World War I in support of the British. Under his management, the Providence Journal produced a series of exposés of German espionage and propaganda in the U.S. In 2004, that same newspaper reported that much of Rathom’s coverage was a fraud: ‘In truth, the Providence Journal had acquired numerous inside scoops on German activities, mostly from British intelligence sources who used Rathom to plant anti-German stories in the American media.’” – Wikipedia
It seems logical to assume that since we did enter the war and since the Brits did go out of their way to bias American policy that the efforts of Rathom and others had a major influence on our decision to enter the war on England’s side. America was persuaded by the media that we should enter the war when there was substantial public opinion to stay out of the mess that Europe was in. My own reading of WW I shows a totally different scenario than from WW II. I have little doubt that we should have entered the war against Hitler. However, the picture from WW I is quite different. I think that each side had equal claims to legitimacy for their war efforts. But the media heavily influenced our eventual entry into the war.
Next I wanted to see if anyone had opinions about the bias or prejudices that the typical journalist might have. I found the following comment in a recent article by Politico, “Why Journalists Love War”, by Jack Shafer 03/17/2022
“NBC News reporter Richard Engel, a veteran foreign war correspondent, dropped a tweet a few days after the war began that appeared to lament that U.S. forces hadn’t strafed the huge Russian convoy approaching Kyiv, seemingly unimpressed that such a strike might launch World War III. Reporters didn’t call in bombers at White House press secretary Jen Psaki’s Monday briefing, but the tone of their repeated questions almost made it sound like they were advocating a no-fly zone and fresh jets for Ukraine. And the New York Post left no ambiguity about where they stood with its super-partisan “Fight Like Zel” cover headline.”
“The overwhelming majority of U.S. journalists have taken a more subdued position on the war, identifying with Ukraine against the aggressor Russians, but stopping just short of cheerleading. Even so, journalists can’t hide the seductive draw of the bloodworks. They can’t help themselves. They love war.”
Of course, this is only one opinion. However, it fit well with my observations. I have noticed every day calls by journalists for increased efforts to support Ukraine that might well lead to a Nuclear War. As I read these brash comments, I sit wondering where were the calls to intervene in Nigeria, Rhodesia, Yemen, and Cambodia? Why are the news outlets pushing a narrative that implies world disaster if the Ukraine falls to Russia?
Listen please! I would like to see the Ukrainians kick all the Russian asses back to Siberia or some other cold place. However, I am not willing to start a Nuclear War over the Ukraine. There have been too many missed opportunities by the West during the past five years that would have avoided the present war. What is it that brings out the desire to have a nuclear confrontation with Russia? Nothing I can see except a Democratic Party that needs to look tough and a cadre of journalists pushing a narrative for more and more support by our country for a nation that we do not even have a treaty with.
“The link between safety and ethics may not be immediately obvious, but the same ambitions and economic factors that pressure inexperienced and poorly prepared freelance journalists to enter battle zones also pressure journalists to present the news as they think that their paymasters most want to hear it.” — https://ethicaljournalismnetwork.org/ethics-safety-solidarity-journalism — Originally published as a chapter of “Conflict reporting in the smartphone era – from budget constraints to information warfare”
A book that I am reading is “The Science of Fear” (2008) by Daniel Gardner. The following insight by Gardner is quite pertinent to this discussion.
“The media are among those that profit by marketing fear – nothing gives a boost to circulation and ratings like a good panic – but the media also promote unreasonable fears for subtler and more compelling reasons. The most profound is the simple love of stories and storytelling. For the media, the most essential ingredient of a good story is the same as that of a good movie, play or tale told by a campfire. It has to be about people and emotions, not numbers and reason. Thus, the particularly tragic death of a single child will be reported around the world while a massive and continuing decline in child mortality rates is hardly noticed.” — Pg. 294
Ever since the decline of print news and the rise of the internet, the media has become a cesspool of click bait headlines, gross news reports about inane subjects, media celebrities touted as royalty and increasingly bizarre stories designed to spread fear. There is no more morality or ethics in the news than there is in a cartel, mafia, or mega-corporation. It is all about the money and there never seems to be enough these days. Is the media biased is actually a very stupid question. Right, left, central it does not matter. They all have one agenda and that is to sell advertising for their corporate sponsors
My final question was, “Are journalists and the media really qualified to tell us what we should or should not be doing?” My answer is that they are no more qualified than anyone else on the street or even one of your friends or relatives. A study done several years ago and published in a book called “Expert Political Judgment: How Good Is It? How Can We Know?” (2005) by Philip E. Tetloc examined the link between experts’ opinions and how often they were right.
Tetloc in his heavily researched study found that experts are often no better at making predictions than most other people, and how when they are wrong, they are rarely held accountable. Kahneman and Tversky in their book “Judgment Under Uncertainty” (1982) identify dozens of cognitive biases that impact the thinking ability of human beings. They both later won a Nobel Prize for their work in behavioral economics. It is often the most highly educated people who suffer from these biases the most.
Thomas Kuhn’s “The Structure of Scientific Revolutions” (1962) dealt with the biases that the scientific community held regarding theories and principles. Kuhn showed how difficult it was for the scientific community to let go of “old paradigms” and adopt new paradigms. This was true even when all the evidence showed that the new paradigms did a better job of explaining the subject under study than the old paradigm. Science history is full of many theories that took fifty or more years to be accepted simply due to the biases and resistance to change that is prevalent among scientists. This is as true of scientists as it is of journalists, politicians, and the average person.
What is the answer:
A friend of mine said that the most important thing we have to do is to teach our children to question everything. To question is the heart and soul of critical thinking. However, we must be cautious lest we raise a nation or world of nihilists. There is a difference between rejecting everything and questioning everything.
I am not a nihilist though I see a fine line between my thinking and nihilism. I do not believe in absolute truth, but I think there are approximate truths. As we learn more and more about anything, our truths get closer to the absolute, but we can never reach it. I think the same way about meaning in life. Meaning exists but only in our minds. It will change many times during our lives. The same is true for morality and values. They exist but only in our minds. Like the Velveteen Rabbit, they become real when we make them so.
I used to hold up a dollar bill and ask my students how much was it worth? They typically replied one dollar. I asked them why it was worth a dollar? Answers varied, but the truth or close to it is that it is because people believe that it is worth a dollar. In terms of labor, ink, and paper, it costs the Federal government 6.2 cents to print a dollar. In terms of buying value, a dollar in 1926 is worth only 15.58 cents today. However, this is not an absolute either since the current value of a dollar actually varies from state to state. The value of a dollar varies about 30 cents from the lowest to the highest state across the USA. In Mississippi, a dollar is worth $1.16, while in Hawaii, the dollar is only worth 84.39 cents.
So, seeing is believing or is believing seeing? Is there a difference between perception and reality or are they the same? Can we ever escape the Rashomon effect? The biases in perception created by our own desires to protect our egos or the egos of others.
There is little I have learned in my life that supports my willingness to accept anything as 100 percent factual, 100 percent truthful or 100 percent valid and reliable. The solution is to question everything. Do not accept anything as absolute. When it comes to politicians, lawyers, salespeople, and journalists, we all need to be on guard. Their built-in bias is not for the truth but for the dollar or at least 84 cents on the dollar.
Update: 4/29/22
Just read the following on CNBC. This “brilliant” analysis by a guy who writes regularly for a variety of news outlets and is listed as a “Tutor” notes the following:
“I think it’s outside the realm of possibility right now that there’s going to be a nuclear war or World War III that really spills over that far beyond Ukraine’s borders,” Samuel Ramani, a geopolitical analyst and associate fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, told CNBC.
Dr. Samuel Ramani’s credentials for this brilliant piece of optimistic analysis is that he is a tutor of politics and international relations at the University of Oxford, where he received his doctorate in March 2021. Somehow this makes him an expert in what Russia will do next in the Ukraine. His “beyond optimism” comes at a time when Putin is starting to get more and more desperate in his bid to defeat the Ukraine. Putin is becoming a cornered rat and NATO is pushing him into more and more of a corner. Despite this, the genius who is less than two years since he finished his Ph.D. degree says “it is “OUTSIDE” the realm of possibility that Putin will launch a nuclear strike. It would only be “OUTSIDE” if Nuclear weapons did not exist. Questions I have are:
- Why is CNBC relying on the credentials of someone with so little expertise to give us such an analysis?
- How could anyone in their right mind say that something is impossible when that something already exists?
- What is the “narrative” behind the focus by the Western news?
- Why is NATO supporting a war when we have no treaty with the Ukraine.
Integrity is everything to lose and nothing to gain, except your self-respect. Integrity is standing up for what you believe is right even when everyone is against you. Integrity is the ability to put compassion and kindness ahead of self-interest. Integrity cannot co-exist with greed. It cannot co-exist with lust. It cannot co-exist with a thirst for power. It cannot co-exist with a drive for money, fame, or fortune. All of these elements are like Kryptonite to Integrity. Kryptonite was the one thing that could rob Superman of his powers. Lust, greed, money, fame, and power all have the ability to rob one of his/her integrity.
Politics is a sham in America today. We have men and women who are elected for life and spend more time campaigning then they do in serving their constituents. Public servants who start collecting money to run their next campaigns within days of winning their present office. We have a system of government where money is the most important factor in who gets elected and who gets reelected. Our politicians are more worried about losing votes than they are in the constitution or in protecting our democracy. What Integrity is there in supporting a riot to overthrow a fair election that every court and every state in America found was fairly conducted? The media seized on the outrageousness of the Big Lie to sell news. The losing party seized on the credibility of millions of gullible supporters to buy the Big Lie and try to maintain their power.
The media in America has become another hallowed institution gutted by greed and a desire for more and more money. Reporters, writers, and journalists in America today are more interested in selling advertising than they are in balanced objective reporting. You can divide the news up by whether they lean Right or Left, Liberal or Conservative, Democrat or Republican. Each side has a mirror image on the other side of the political spectrum. CNN is opposed by Fox News. The New York Times is opposed by The New York Post and the Washington Post is opposed by the Washington Times. One side supports the Right and the other side supports the left. This is not balanced reporting, and no truth comes out of the dynamic between the two sides. What both sides have in common are reporters who will report the most useless, tasteless, uninformative stories if they perceive that these stories will sell advertising or if they can figure out a clickbait title that will attract readers and thereby expose them to paid commercials.
f you want more of a description of each scale you can follow the hyperlink above. The USA ties for 10th place with Great Britain on this index. I can see some correlation with Integrity, but I can see many differences. I think honesty is one component of Integrity, but Integrity is more complex than being simply honest. An honest person can still lack integrity if they are unwilling to stand up for what they believe. Cowardice and Integrity are incompatible.
I watched several shows the other day in which Trump supporters were interviewed. People are as curious about his supporters as they are about Trump. Given the unquestionable fact that Trump is a greedy sexist racist hate monger, why would anyone support him? The assumed knowledge is that his supporters are a bunch of ignorant losers: people who are uneducated or at best semi-literate. However, the data and demographics do not entirely support this conclusion. Many Trump supporters are intelligent educated and literate people. These are also people who believe in the United States of America and care about their country. What then persuades or convinces them that Trump is the right person for the job of POTUS? His qualifications pose a questionable proposition that would seem to fly in the face of all known facts in the entire universe. This dilemma strikes at the heart of the matter. We do not know what to believe any more. What is a fact? What is evidence? What is objective data? Where can we find facts that are truthful (not really a redundancy)?
Several problems make the issue even more complex. In academia, we are dealing with a subset of life in which there is much less confusion over the truth since no one is deliberately trying to distort, lie or sell us anything. There may be stupidity, lack of knowledge and even ignorance by many scientists and professors but the greed motive is much less tangible. I am not saying it does not exist, but for most of my teaching career, I cannot think of anything I have ever tried to sell to my students and make a profit on. I can say with some confidence that this is also true of all the instructors whom I have ever known or worked with. The same situation does not exist outside of academia. The marketplace is a vicious jungle when it comes to searching for the truth while academia is a tame zoo in comparison.
Finally, we come to perhaps the biggest ruse of all. If anyone is searching for the truth, they will eventually enter into the Fourth Estate. This hallowed ground is defined as: “A societal or political force or institution whose influence is not consistently or officially recognized. Fourth Estate most commonly refers to the news media, especially print journalism or The Press.” 
n not possibly live without stuff.
Regardless of whether the media intentionally want to keep the race close or not, there is no denying that the candidate who is the most obnoxious, the most outrageous and the most sensational will garner the most press. Trump has been well aware of this and has continually manipulated the media into providing him billions of dollars in free advertising. The fickle public seems to swing from one candidate to the other depending on who they see in the news. Trump has undoubtedly benefitted from his ability to keep the press absorbed with his every utterance regardless of how inane they are. He can tweet at 2AM in the morning and be assured that Fox News will carry his tweet on the 7 AM morning news.
How then can we blame the general public, educated or not, of being uninformed or misinformed when most of our society is conspiring against them finding the truth? It is a trap that I have fallen into when I have railed against the stupid, illiterate and uninformed Trump supporters. Sadly, they are not to blame for their reliance on Trump to give them the truth. The have certainly not found it in academia or the Fourth Estate. I have some solutions to this issue but I do not have the entire answer to it. I do have part of the answer. It is quite clear to me that one must understand the difference between facts, data, evidence and the role of these three elements in helping to shape the truth. In Part 2 of this blog, I will go into the subject of Facts in more depth. In the following parts, I will cover Data, Evidence and Truth.
Aging Capriciously 