When I wrote my series of blogs on the Seven Most Important Virtues, I neglected to add Integrity. Limiting myself to seven, I felt that the seven I identified were more important than any other virtues. This was simply a judgement call. I have been challenged on it several times and indeed I challenge myself on the list. There is hardly a day goes by that I wonder if I should not have numbered Integrity among the Seven. Well, as they say, that is water under the dam. What I would like to do in this blog is discuss Integrity. What is Integrity? Why is Integrity so important? How do we get Integrity? Finally, how do we sustain Integrity?
What is Integrity?
Integrity is everything to lose and nothing to gain, except your self-respect. Integrity is standing up for what you believe is right even when everyone is against you. Integrity is the ability to put compassion and kindness ahead of self-interest. Integrity cannot co-exist with greed. It cannot co-exist with lust. It cannot co-exist with a thirst for power. It cannot co-exist with a drive for money, fame, or fortune. All of these elements are like Kryptonite to Integrity. Kryptonite was the one thing that could rob Superman of his powers. Lust, greed, money, fame, and power all have the ability to rob one of his/her integrity.
One example of a man without integrity was Goethe’s Faust. Faust was considered the smartest man alive. He was a genius and a consummate intellectual. There was little that he did not know about or could not speak intelligently about. Yet, Faust was unhappy. Old age had creeped up on him. His desire for youth and sex overcame his ability to think with the maturity befitting his status. He sold his soul to Satan and in the bargain sold his integrity. His lack of integrity lead to the death of another human being and to his own banishment to hell.
There are many examples of men and women with integrity. I think of the whistleblowers who sacrifice their careers and sometime their lives to report issues that might be dangerous to others. I think of the journalists in countries like Mexico who risk their lives every day to report injustices. I think of the prosecutors and law enforcement officers in countries where criminals have the ability to enact retribution and death when they are charged with a crime. In all these examples, there is nothing for these courageous people to gain and everything to lose by their standing up for what they believe is right. This is integrity.
Why is Integrity Important?
I believe that it is fair to say that never before in the history of America has there been so little integrity shown by our political leaders. Right, Left, Democrat, Republican, Independent, it does not matter. There are too many political leaders who are driven by greed and a desire for power. You may argue with this analysis but when I see even a third of our elected officials calling for term limits, I will recant my assertion. When I see a third of our elected officials with a plan to eliminate paid lobbyists, I will recant my assertion.
Politics is a sham in America today. We have men and women who are elected for life and spend more time campaigning then they do in serving their constituents. Public servants who start collecting money to run their next campaigns within days of winning their present office. We have a system of government where money is the most important factor in who gets elected and who gets reelected. Our politicians are more worried about losing votes than they are in the constitution or in protecting our democracy. What Integrity is there in supporting a riot to overthrow a fair election that every court and every state in America found was fairly conducted? The media seized on the outrageousness of the Big Lie to sell news. The losing party seized on the credibility of millions of gullible supporters to buy the Big Lie and try to maintain their power.
The media in America has become another hallowed institution gutted by greed and a desire for more and more money. Reporters, writers, and journalists in America today are more interested in selling advertising than they are in balanced objective reporting. You can divide the news up by whether they lean Right or Left, Liberal or Conservative, Democrat or Republican. Each side has a mirror image on the other side of the political spectrum. CNN is opposed by Fox News. The New York Times is opposed by The New York Post and the Washington Post is opposed by the Washington Times. One side supports the Right and the other side supports the left. This is not balanced reporting, and no truth comes out of the dynamic between the two sides. What both sides have in common are reporters who will report the most useless, tasteless, uninformative stories if they perceive that these stories will sell advertising or if they can figure out a clickbait title that will attract readers and thereby expose them to paid commercials.
I see few solutions to the problems I have noted above except to start holding our leaders and media to standards of Integrity that do not seem to exist. This brings us to the issue of where Integrity comes from.
How Do We Get Integrity?
I do not believe humans are born with Integrity. I do not think that there is a gene or DNA for Integrity. Humans learn Integrity like they learn to speak. The morals, ethics and traditions of any society become part of the fabric of learning that a child goes through. Integrity is a virtue. It may be valued more in some families and cultures more than others. There is an Index of Public Integrity that measures five factors that the developers link to Integrity and is used to assess a countries capacity to control corruption and ensure that public resources are spent honestly. The six scales used in this index include:
- Judicial Independence
- Administrative Burden
- Trade Openness
- Budget-Transparencies
- E-Citizenship
- Freedom of the Press
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f you want more of a description of each scale you can follow the hyperlink above. The USA ties for 10th place with Great Britain on this index. I can see some correlation with Integrity, but I can see many differences. I think honesty is one component of Integrity, but Integrity is more complex than being simply honest. An honest person can still lack integrity if they are unwilling to stand up for what they believe. Cowardice and Integrity are incompatible.
Professor Stephen L. Carter of Yale Law School points out in his book “Integrity,” one cannot have integrity without being honest, but one can be honest and yet lack integrity. … Integrity in its bare-bones essence means adherence to principles.
You cannot buy Integrity. You cannot inherit Integrity. Fortunately, Integrity does not have a price tag. It is open to everyone. Young people, old people, women, men, and people from different ethnic backgrounds all can find Integrity. I use the work “Find” because you must seek Integrity. It is a treasure, and you must look for it. You can acquire Integrity, but you can also lose Integrity. However, you cannot give it away and no one can steal it from you. It is one of the most unique treasures in the world. So, where do we find this treasure? There are three rules for finding Integrity.
- It must be something you value personally
- You must value it more than your life, your career or anything else that you might ever possess.
- You must not expect applause or accolades. It is more likely you will be criticized and condemned.
If you can accept these three rules, then finding Integrity is easy. Simply establish a set of morals, virtues, and ethics that you believe in and start standing up for them. When they are challenged, you must speak out. Your actions and behaviors must reflect our values. Do not preach one thing and do another. Do what you say you will do. When you feel like taking the easy way out, you must take the road that leads to consistency with your actions and values. The simple formula to remember is that:
Integrity = Morals + Behavior + Consistency
How do We Sustain Integrity?
Integrity can be lost as well as found. There are many examples of people who once were exemplars of shining Integrity but who succumbed to temptations for greed and power. It takes a great deal of fortitude and courage to maintain a life of Integrity. I think of people like Jesus Christ who was not tempted by the devil and went to his death for what he preached. Pilate gave him opportunities to recant but Jesus refused. Socrates went to his death also after refusing to recant his beliefs. I would like to share the example of one more recent person of great Integrity.
“María Santos Gorrostieta Salazar (1976 – 2012) was a Mexican physician and politician of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). From 2008 to 2011, she served as mayor of Tiquicheo, a small town in the Mexican state of Michoacán. In spite of three failed assassination attempts during her tenure as mayor, Gorrostieta Salazar continued to be outspoken in the fight against organized crime. In a fourth attack, Gorrostieta Salazar was kidnapped and assassinated by suspected drug traffickers on 15 November 2012.” – Wikipedia
To this date, there has been no one charged and tried in connection with her murder. How many people do you know who would stand up to a drug cartel after even one attempt on their lives? Maria was a physician. She could have lived a life of relative ease and prosperity simply by ignoring the crimes going on around her. Instead she stood up for the law and standing up cost Maria her life. Who is saying her name today?
Like any skill or talent, you must practice it. Practice is one means of sustaining Integrity. Part of practice is an honest self-reflection. Each day or week you need to ask yourself if you have been a person of Integrity. What did you do that showed Integrity? What did you do or say that allowed you to stand up for your values and ethics? What did you do that was not consistent with your values? How could you be more consistent with your values and behaviors?
There is a popular meme that says, “How do you get to Carnegie Hall? Practice! Practice! Practice!” There can be no Integrity without practice, action, and reflection. Stand up for your values and morals and you will be a Person of Integrity. Every person who can say that they are a Person of Integrity is one more person that will help to change the world for the better.
“The supreme quality for leadership is unquestionably integrity. Without it, no real success is possible, no matter whether it is on a section gang, a football field, in an army, or in an office.”- Dwight D. Eisenhower
“The greatness of a man is not in how much wealth he acquires, but in his integrity and his ability to affect those around him positively.”- Bob Marley
There are many who would consider Martin Luther the father of the Protestant Reformation. Growing up Catholic, we regarded Protestants as heretics. We all knew that the one true religion was Catholic, and Protestants did not know what they really wanted. What does the name Protestant even mean? Taking it at face value, it would seem to mean to protest against. The dictionary defines a Protestant as someone who has broken from the Roman Catholic church. If you are a Protestant you practice a form of Christianity in protest to the Catholic form. There are over 200 major Protestant denominations in the USA and over 35,000 independent or non-denominational Christian churches which are ostensibly Protestant. During the past few decade, we have seen numerous splits in Protestant churches over such issues as gay marriages, gay clergy, women ministers. Even though I am a non-Catholic myself, I can’t help but be amazed at the dissension and disunity among Protestants. I wonder what Martin Luther would have thought if he were alive today.
The idea of sex in our minds easily overrode any caution or concern about getting caught by her father. We arrived at her house. She lived out of town somewhat in Scituate which was a more rural area of R.I. in the sixties. When we arrived, Bob said “I will go in first and check things out. If it is okay, you guys can come in. Bob went inside the small average looking New England Colonial house with two upper dormer windows and came out a few minutes later. “OK guys” Bob said, “She is willing.” We all trotted inside the house to the first room which was a kitchen with a small table and four chairs. Dave, Tommy and I sat on the chairs and Bob headed up a small staircase. “I will go first” said Bob “and Dave is next. You and Tommy can decide who goes after Dave.” “Oh”, said Bob, “her name is Barbara and she likes to be called Barb.” No one challenged this order of affairs as it was taken for granted that since Bob had set this up, he had first dibs.
Those who say that I am not important or who ignore me are part of a new generation that values image over substance. The word “frugal” is now associated with cheap and the word “thrifty” is associated with the idea of miserliness. It seems the world of finance is dominated by short-sighted individuals who have forgotten the old values that made this country great. Hard work and prudence were values that resonated among the early pioneers like so many notes in a great symphonic piece.
With hard work, you earned a penny. With prudence, you saved your pennies until they became dollars. In the old days, no one would ever have thrown me away or ignored me when laying in the street. Too many people have forgotten the value that I represent. From early times, there have been people who really understood my value. Even before I was an official U.S. coin, the value of a penny was recognized by some. I regard these people as paragons who really understood the meaning of money. Let me tell you a few of their stories.
Hattie had faith in money. Money requires faith but it is a faith that rests on the good that money can do and not simply how much money one can acquire. Hattie had this kind of faith and it persisted beyond her death.
“The prosecution had expert witnesses that testified that the Evidence was often mishandled. Photos were taken of critical Evidence without scales in them to aid in measurement taking; items were photographed without being labeled and logged, making it difficult, if not impossible, to link the photos to any specific area of the scene. Separate pieces of Evidence were bagged together instead of separately causing cross-contamination; and wet items were packaged before allowing them to dry, causing critical changes in Evidence.” 
A validity error is when we are not measuring the right thing. IQ tests have been repeatedly criticized for not really measuring the intelligence of a human being or for being biased by many cultural Factors. Thus opponents of IQ tests argue that they are not valid measures of intelligence. A reliability error is when our measures are not consistent. The scale example given above illustrates the problem with reliability. Most people use a scale to weight themselves and most scales have problems with reliability. However, if you tried to equate your weight with your health, you would be assuming that the scale could also measure health and this would be a problem with validity. Scales cannot measure health although health might be correlated to some degree with appropriate height and weight.
Before we move on to looking at the concept of Data, we will look at two more problems with the concept of Facts. These are distortion and bias. Distortion relates to twisting the meaning of something. This can happen by taking something that someone has said out of context. For instance, I might be talking at a conference and say something in sarcasm such as “Yeah, I will definitely vote for Trump.” My words could be repeated verbatim and it would sound like I was endorsing Trump. It is difficult to detect sarcasm. To most people reading or hearing my words second hand, it will sound like I am a strong Trump supporter. Slick politicians and advertisers will often distort a Fact to make it sound like the Fact is supporting their position.
Aging Capriciously 