What the hell is Xenophobia? Whenever I have used this word, this is a common question I get asked. Ironically, it is a very common behavior in America. You would think that everyone knew exactly what it means. On any given day in the USA, there are examples of Xenophobia in the news.
Now I pride myself on doing blog posts that will appeal to the average person. No big words that only someone with a Ph.D. can understand. Yet here I am using a word that perhaps a large percent of Americans would not know what it means. So, I guess that it is time to pull the curtain back and “give it up.”
Xenophobia is the irrational fear, hatred, or dislike of people from other countries, cultures, or backgrounds who are perceived as foreign or strange.
Key Characteristics
- Origin: The word comes from the ancient Greek words xenos (meaning “stranger” or “guest”) and phobos (meaning “fear” or “flight”). It first appeared in English in the late 19th century.
- In-Group vs. Out-Group: It is built on the mental division of people into an “in-group” (those who belong) and an “out-group” (outsiders viewed as a threat).
- Common Triggers: It often spikes during economic hardship, political instability, or rapid social and demographic changes, where outsiders are used as scapegoats for local problems.
- Manifestations: It can lead to social exclusion, verbal harassment, discrimination, institutional policies against migrants, or violence.
A Xenophobe is a person who strongly dislikes, distrusts, or fears people perceived as foreigners, strangers, or members of a different culture or nation.
How often have you heard people say “This is America, speak English” or “If you don’t like it here go back to your own country?”
Let’s break this definition of Xenophobia down further:
In-Group vs. Out-Group:
My team, my church, my religion, my God, my beliefs, my group, my club, my race, my ethnic group is better than your group. In fact, my group is so much better than your group, that I think we need to eliminate your group from America.
The thinking that underlies the belief that my group is superior can lead to the idea that violence is justified so as to eliminate your group. In some cases, this will mean taking the rights away from other people. In the extreme it can mean denial of basic rights, expulsion, physical attacks or murder. History has repeatedly shown us a progression of violence against others that goes from stereotyping, to blame, to tolerating humiliation of others, to denying fair treatment and sometimes ending in violence. Think Nazi Germany.
If you have been paying attention, you will notice that people we call racists, bigots, sexists all share many of the characteristics of Xenophobia.
Xenophobia, racism, sexism, and Homophobia can share common biases and reinforce one another, while targeting different characteristics. However, there are some substantive differences between Xenophobia and Racism as well as between Xenophobia and Sexism and Xenophobia and Homophobia. For instance:
Xenophobia vs. Racism
- Xenophobia focuses on a person’s nationality, culture, or foreign status (the idea that someone is an “outsider” who does not belong).
- Racism is a belief system that judges an individual’s worth or capabilities based on fixed physical attributes like skin color or racial category.
- While they often overlap and feed into each other, a person can experience or display them independently.
Xenophobia vs. Sexism
Xenophobia and sexism are both forms of systemic prejudice and discrimination, but they differ fundamentally in their targets, origins, and expressions. Xenophobia targets people based on their nationality, geographic origin, or cultural foreignness, whereas sexism targets individuals based on their sex or gender identity.
Xenophobia vs. Homophobia
Xenophobia and Homophobia are both forms of systematic prejudice rooted in an irrational aversion to a specific group, but they target entirely different aspects of identity and operate on different social dynamics. While Xenophobia targets a person’s geographic, national, or cultural origin, Homophobia targets a person’s sexual orientation.
Shared Similarities between Xenophobia and other Prejudices:
- Scapegoating: Minorities, women, gay people and immigrants are frequently scapegoated by political or social movements during times of societal stress to deflect attention from structural problems.
Now one might well ask, well how much Xenophobia actually exists in the USA today or perhaps how many Xenophobic people are there in the USA? Here is what my AI assistant gave me in response to this question.
| Survey | Finding | What it tells us |
| PRRI, March 2026 report | 33% agreed that “Immigrants are invading our country and replacing our cultural and ethnic background”; 62% disagreed. | A substantial minority endorses a belief I would interpret as a strong indicator of xenophobic attitudes. |
| Gallup, June 2026 | 21% said immigration is bad for the country; 73% said it is good. | Most Americans favor immigration overall. The negative response alone does not establish prejudice. |
PRRI: Immigration Enforcement, ICE, and Civil Liberties in the Second Trump Administration — March 26, 2026. Source for the 33% agreement with the invasion-and-cultural-replacement statement.
Gallup: Americans’ Support for Immigration Down, Still Strong — Source for the June 2026 findings: 73% said immigration is good for the country; 21% said it is bad.
My best assessment is Xenophobia affects tens of millions of Americans and has considerable political significance, but the evidence does not support calling most Americans xenophobic. We can measure the prevalence of specific hostile beliefs much more confidently than we can count “xenophobic people.”
Conclusions:
I would like to leave you with three questions. If we can create one iota of doubt in even a few of the people out there who exhibit some of the hostilities I have discussed we would have made some progress.
No one is born Xenophobic. Many of us welcome meeting new people, experiencing new cultures, talking with people who are not “just like we are” or people who “do not belong to our clan or church or group.”
Just like Racism, Sexism and Homophobia, Xenophobia is learned. Something that is learned can be unlearned. But it takes developing some empathy and compassion for all people. The Baháʼí believe in the Unity of all humanity. We are all one people on the face of the earth trying our best to do what we can to lead a decent life and create a good future for our children.
Xenophobia is a virulent disease. It spreads from one Xenophobe to another. It becomes a group identity and a safe haven from having to question one’s own prejudices.
An open Democratic society is not a society that is without risks.
In the “Parable of the Good Samaritan”, the Samaritan gave aid to a wounded traveler thought to be Jewish. First-century Jews and Samaritans were divided by deep religious and historical hostility. The Samaritan gave his own money and time to help the victim with no guarantee that he would be paid back. The Samaritan crossed a boundary of prejudice to help someone outside his own group.
Three Questions:
- How do you think people coming to this country for a better life feel when they are told “Go back to where you belong, we don’t want you here?”
- How do you think people who belong to a different group than you do feel when they are told they are dirty, dangerous and unclean or worthless?
- What do you think Jesus would say to an immigrant who needed asylum or to a Gay person who simply wanted to be treated like other people?



The internet has made the problem even worse. We are deluged with a tsunami of viewpoints every day. From right, left, central, religious, agnostic, scientific, spiritual, communal, familial and hundreds of other perspectives our viewpoints of the world are bombarded by messages that challenge our thinking and our very reason for being. Whose shoes should I stand in? Whose perspective should I try to take?

One year at a Martin Luther King memorial service on the University of Minnesota campus at Northrup Auditorium, the keynote speaker was Dave Moore, a well-known news and television personality. Karen and I attended many of the MLK day celebrations over the years. I had never seen a White keynote speaker. I was somewhat surprised and wondered what he could say about Martin Luther King or any other issue dealing with racism. It turned out to be quite an interesting talk.
Now we get back to the difficult if not impossible people to understand. How do we put ourselves in the shoes of a rapist or pedophile? There are many that would think I am crazy for asking this question. I believe we will never eliminate these problems if we do not understand the causes. We cannot cure the problem simply by locking up all the pedophiles and rapists in the world. I do not believe that these are inherited characteristics. There have been times and places in the world where practices bordering on rape and pedophilia have actually been legal and condoned.











I ponder at a quote by the author Stephen King in which he notes that Donald Trump will never get elected but “he has certainly exposed the ugly underbelly of conservatives in America today.” I think about this comment because (by recent polls) Trump has a large percentage of voters in his camp who qualify for the “Deplorables” label than Clinton so recently used. Ironic that the King of Insult and Slander now says “anyone who makes such comments about Americans is not fit to be president.” The truth is that anyone who fits into this underbelly or “deplorables” category is not fit to be an American. They share nothing in common with the values that our Founding Fathers had for this country.
Today, we now know (thanks to Trump) that we have at least ten million US citizens who think that Donald Trump could deliver on such promises as noted above. This latter fact simply astounds the rest of us (180,000,000) registered voters who would sooner drown ourselves than see Donald Trump as president. The majority of US voters know that Trump is a buffoon and a bigot playing on the heart strings and delusions of a minority of people who have no clue what the USA stands for or what our Founding Fathers envisioned for this country.
I am not worried about Trump. King is right. He will never be elected. I am worried about the disillusioned and hapless people who are supporting him. These people are the real threat to America not Donald Trump. Cast out by an economic system that rewards the most competitive, the Trump supporters are the least competitive and most hard hit by the recent economic recession. Statistics tell us that Trump’s supporters make up a large segment of the population who are unemployed and unemployable. I should say unemployable at a wage sufficient to support a family. Just like in Germany during the recession, it was this same type of people who were most attracted to Hitler. They were the unemployed, uneducated and people who felt life had been unfair to them. When Hitler came to power, they became his willing disciples and minions. The parallels between the hate and xenophobia espoused by both Hitler and Trump would be uncanny, if not for the fact that it is and always will be predictable. The formula to create such hate and bigotry has been the same for four thousand years.
Leaders throughout history have used the above formula to incite their followers to acts of hatred which have taken such forms as the inquisition, pogroms, mass deportations, genocide and the Holocaust. It has always been the same formula and it has always worked. The hapless, ignorant and hopeless are lured by the sirens of revenge and retribution to take action against a targeted minority group who are portrayed as having stolen their hopes and dreams. The solution is to eradicate the despicable group and thereby restore the future that was stolen from the hapless and ignorant.
One would have thought that most of the Neanderthals who succumb more easily to bigotry and hatred would be on the decline. Instead, in the last few years throughout much of the world, it seems as though the fanatics, racists, and bigots are on the incline. Witness the rise of ISIS and its supporters all over the world. What is happening? Was Darwin wrong? Is the world witnessing a devolution instead of an evolution? Donald Trump and his followers seem to be evidence that not all of the population has been evolving according to Darwin’s Laws. A sizable portion of US citizens seem to be going from intelligent thinking rationale Homo sapiens to stupid unthinking racist bigoted Homo rednecks. Where will this end and what will we do with these Neanderthals?
Most of the US is supportive of the idea of destroying foreign Muslim terrorists. But what of domestic right-wing terrorists? What about the home grown nutcases, terrorists, Nazis and extremists in the USA? If we assume that the KKK, racists and sexists in the USA are of the same ilk and just as dangerous to liberty and freedom as Islamic terrorists, then when do we wage war on our domestic terrorists? When will we enlist the Army, National Guard, police and other liberty protectors to jail and wipe out these home grown extremists? Should we allow American Neo-Nazis the right of free speech and the right to vote, when we lost nearly a half a million citizens in a war to save the world from the Nazis and Japanese warlords only seventy years ago?
Why are we tolerating groups wearing swastikas, Nazi armbands and Hitler slogans? Groups parading around against immigrants. Groups who make a mockery of the values that this country was built on. This tolerance is a disgrace to the Founding Fathers. It is a disgrace to the Union soldiers who fought for the freedom and equality of African Americans. It is a disgrace and affront to the soldiers that lost their lives fighting the Fascists. It is a disgrace to the people in this country who are first and second generation Americans. Finally, it is a disgrace to all people who believe in the idea of “liberty and justice for all” which is a part of the Pledge of Allegiance to our country.
The only way it will change is for good people to speak out. Speak out against racism. Speak out against sexism. Speak out against homophobia. Speak out against intolerance. Speak out against injustice and discrimination. You don’t know what to say? It’s simple. WWJD? A meme that I see on a lot of t-shirts provides one reply that all Christians should endorse. If you are not a Christian, simply practice the Golden Rule or some other rule that shows respect and love for others who are not like you. That’s what Jesus, Gandhi, King and many other great leaders would do.